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B	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2025-04-15 06:10
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Compress	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2024-02-16 18:44
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Devel	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2025-04-15 06:10
Digest	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2025-04-15 06:10
Encode	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2025-04-15 06:10
File	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2025-04-15 06:10
Filter	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2024-02-16 18:44
Hash	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2025-04-15 06:10
I18N	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2025-04-15 06:10
IO	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2025-04-15 06:10
IPC	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2025-04-15 06:10
List	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2025-04-15 06:10
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Math	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2024-02-16 18:44
PerlIO	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2025-04-15 06:10
Scalar	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2025-04-15 06:10
Sub	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2025-04-15 06:10
Sys	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2025-04-15 06:10
Time	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2025-04-15 06:10
Unicode	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2025-04-15 06:10
asm	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2025-04-15 06:10
asm-generic	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2025-04-15 06:10
auto	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2024-02-16 18:44
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sys	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2025-04-15 06:10
threads	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2025-04-15 06:10
B.pm	29.39 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
Config.pm	3.14 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
Config.pod	249.88 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
Config_git.pl	409 B	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
Config_heavy.pl	54.01 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
Cwd.pm	21.43 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
DB_File.pm	65.43 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
DynaLoader.pm	24.65 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
Encode.pm	31.33 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
Errno.pm	6.43 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
Fcntl.pm	3.95 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
GDBM_File.pm	7.61 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
IO.pm	1.43 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
NDBM_File.pm	3.01 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
O.pm	4.19 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
ODBM_File.pm	2.9 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
Opcode.pm	15.9 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
POSIX.pm	19.91 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
POSIX.pod	80.58 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
SDBM_File.pm	3.72 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
Socket.pm	36.16 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
Storable.pm	48.75 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
_h2ph_pre.ph	30.57 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
attributes.pm	15.97 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
encoding.pm	22.41 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
endian.ph	3.54 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
errno.ph	23 B	-rw-r--r--	2021-08-25 18:11
features-time64.ph	811 B	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
features.ph	14.64 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
lib.pm	5.99 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
mro.pm	9.62 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
ops.pm	997 B	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
re.pm	27.99 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
signal.ph	3.61 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
stdarg.ph	2.8 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
stdc-predef.ph	1.19 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
stddef.ph	11.65 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
syscall.ph	86 B	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
sysexits.ph	1.26 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
syslimits.ph	452 B	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
syslog.ph	85 B	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
threads.pm	37.06 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
unistd.ph	10.12 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21
wait.ph	83 B	-rw-r--r--	2025-04-08 13:21

Rename

package SDBM_File;

use strict;
use warnings;

require Tie::Hash;
require XSLoader;

our @ISA = qw(Tie::Hash);
our $VERSION = "1.15";

our @EXPORT_OK = qw(PAGFEXT DIRFEXT PAIRMAX);
use Exporter "import";

XSLoader::load();

__END__

=head1 NAME

SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files

=head1 SYNOPSIS

use Fcntl;   # For O_RDWR, O_CREAT, etc.
 use SDBM_File;

tie(%h, 'SDBM_File', 'filename', O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0666)
   or die "Couldn't tie SDBM file 'filename': $!; aborting";

# Now read and change the hash
 $h{newkey} = newvalue;
 print $h{oldkey}; 
 ...

untie %h;

=head1 DESCRIPTION

C<SDBM_File> establishes a connection between a Perl hash variable and
a file in SDBM_File format.  You can manipulate the data in the file
just as if it were in a Perl hash, but when your program exits, the
data will remain in the file, to be used the next time your program
runs.

=head2 Tie

Use C<SDBM_File> with the Perl built-in C<tie> function to establish
the connection between the variable and the file.

tie %hash, 'SDBM_File', $basename, $modeflags, $perms;

tie %hash, 'SDBM_File', $dirfile,  $modeflags, $perms, $pagfilename;

C<$basename> is the base filename for the database.  The database is two
files with ".dir" and ".pag" extensions appended to C<$basename>,

$basename.dir     (or .sdbm_dir on VMS, per DIRFEXT constant)
    $basename.pag

The two filenames can also be given separately in full as C<$dirfile>
and C<$pagfilename>.  This suits for two files without ".dir" and ".pag"
extensions, perhaps for example two files from L<File::Temp>.

C<$modeflags> can be the following constants from the C<Fcntl> module (in
the style of the L<open(2)> system call),

O_RDONLY          read-only access
    O_WRONLY          write-only access
    O_RDWR            read and write access

If you want to create the file if it does not already exist then bitwise-OR
(C<|>) C<O_CREAT> too.  If you omit C<O_CREAT> and the database does not
already exist then the C<tie> call will fail.

O_CREAT           create database if doesn't already exist

C<$perms> is the file permissions bits to use if new database files are
created.  This parameter is mandatory even when not creating a new database.
The permissions will be reduced by the user's umask so the usual value here
would be 0666, or if some very private data then 0600.  (See
L<perlfunc/umask>.)

=head1 EXPORTS

SDBM_File optionally exports the following constants:

=over

=item *

C<PAGFEXT> - the extension used for the page file, usually C<.pag>.

=item *

C<DIRFEXT> - the extension used for the directory file, C<.dir>
everywhere but VMS, where it is C<.sdbm_dir>.

=item *

C<PAIRMAX> - the maximum size of a stored hash entry, including the
length of both the key and value.

=back

These constants can also be used with fully qualified names,
eg. C<SDBM_File::PAGFEXT>.

=head1 DIAGNOSTICS

On failure, the C<tie> call returns an undefined value and probably
sets C<$!> to contain the reason the file could not be tied.

=head2 C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>

This warning is emitted when you try to store a key or a value that
is too long.  It means that the change was not recorded in the
database.  See BUGS AND WARNINGS below.

=head1 SECURITY WARNING

B<Do not accept SDBM files from untrusted sources!>

The sdbm file format was designed for speed and convenience, not for
portability or security.  A maliciously crafted file might cause perl to
crash or even expose a security vulnerability.

=head1 BUGS AND WARNINGS

There are a number of limits on the size of the data that you can
store in the SDBM file.  The most important is that the length of a
key, plus the length of its associated value, may not exceed 1008
bytes.

See L<perlfunc/tie>, L<perldbmfilter>, L<Fcntl>

=cut